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X Sever —— Xorg

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Xorg：基于X11协议的服务端。管理硬件设备（驱动），键盘鼠标显示器等

Xorg配置文件

生成配置文件

1
# Xorg -configure :2

:2显示窗口，在Xorg启动的情况下，无法获取当前的Xorg配置文件

xorg.conf

具体参数说明：man xorg.conf

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Section "ServerLayout"
	Identifier     "X.org Configured"
	Screen      0  "Screen0" 0 0
	Screen      1  "Screen1" RightOf "Screen0"
	InputDevice    "Mouse0" "CorePointer"
	InputDevice    "Keyboard0" "CoreKeyboard"
EndSection

Section "Files"
	ModulePath   "/usr/lib/xorg/modules"
	FontPath     "/usr/share/fonts/X11/misc"
	FontPath     "/usr/share/fonts/X11/cyrillic"
	FontPath     "/usr/share/fonts/X11/100dpi/:unscaled"
	FontPath     "/usr/share/fonts/X11/75dpi/:unscaled"
	FontPath     "/usr/share/fonts/X11/Type1"
	FontPath     "/usr/share/fonts/X11/100dpi"
	FontPath     "/usr/share/fonts/X11/75dpi"
	FontPath     "built-ins"
EndSection

Section "Module"
	Load  "glx"
EndSection

Section "InputDevice"
	Identifier  "Keyboard0"
	Driver      "kbd"
EndSection

Section "InputDevice"
	Identifier  "Mouse0"
	Driver      "mouse"
	Option	    "Protocol" "auto"
	Option	    "Device" "/dev/input/mice"
	Option	    "ZAxisMapping" "4 5 6 7"
EndSection

Section "Monitor"
	Identifier   "Monitor0"
	VendorName   "Monitor Vendor"
	ModelName    "Monitor Model"
EndSection

Section "Monitor"
	Identifier   "Monitor1"
	VendorName   "Monitor Vendor"
	ModelName    "Monitor Model"
EndSection

Section "Device"
        ### Available Driver options are:-
        ### Values: <i>: integer, <f>: float, <bool>: "True"/"False",
        ### <string>: "String", <freq>: "<f> Hz/kHz/MHz",
        ### <percent>: "<f>%"
        ### [arg]: arg optional
        #Option     "Accel"              	# [<bool>]
        #Option     "SWcursor"           	# [<bool>]
        #Option     "EnablePageFlip"     	# [<bool>]
        #Option     "SubPixelOrder"      	# [<str>]
        #Option     "ZaphodHeads"        	# <str>
        #Option     "AccelMethod"        	# <str>
        #Option     "DRI3"               	# [<bool>]
        #Option     "DRI"                	# <i>
        #Option     "ShadowPrimary"      	# [<bool>]
        #Option     "TearFree"           	# [<bool>]
        #Option     "DeleteUnusedDP12Displays" 	# [<bool>]
	Identifier  "Card0"
	Driver      "amdgpu"
	BusID       "PCI:1:0:0"
EndSection

Section "Device"
        ### Available Driver options are:-
        ### Values: <i>: integer, <f>: float, <bool>: "True"/"False",
        ### <string>: "String", <freq>: "<f> Hz/kHz/MHz",
        ### <percent>: "<f>%"
        ### [arg]: arg optional
        #Option     "Accel"              	# [<bool>]
        #Option     "SWcursor"           	# [<bool>]
        #Option     "EnablePageFlip"     	# [<bool>]
        #Option     "SubPixelOrder"      	# [<str>]
        #Option     "ZaphodHeads"        	# <str>
        #Option     "AccelMethod"        	# <str>
        #Option     "DRI3"               	# [<bool>]
        #Option     "DRI"                	# <i>
        #Option     "ShadowPrimary"      	# [<bool>]
        #Option     "TearFree"           	# [<bool>]
        #Option     "DeleteUnusedDP12Displays" 	# [<bool>]
	Identifier  "Card1"
	Driver      "amdgpu"
	BusID       "PCI:1:0:1"
EndSection

Section "Screen"
	Identifier "Screen0"
	Device     "Card0"
	Monitor    "Monitor0"
	SubSection "Display"
		Viewport   0 0
		Depth     1
	EndSubSection
	SubSection "Display"
		Viewport   0 0
		Depth     4
	EndSubSection
	SubSection "Display"
		Viewport   0 0
		Depth     8
	EndSubSection
	SubSection "Display"
		Viewport   0 0
		Depth     15
	EndSubSection
	SubSection "Display"
		Viewport   0 0
		Depth     16
	EndSubSection
	SubSection "Display"
		Viewport   0 0
		Depth     24
	EndSubSection
EndSection

Section "Screen"
	Identifier "Screen1"
	Device     "Card1"
	Monitor    "Monitor1"
	SubSection "Display"
		Viewport   0 0
		Depth     1
	EndSubSection
	SubSection "Display"
		Viewport   0 0
		Depth     4
	EndSubSection
	SubSection "Display"
		Viewport   0 0
		Depth     8
	EndSubSection
	SubSection "Display"
		Viewport   0 0
		Depth     15
	EndSubSection
	SubSection "Display"
		Viewport   0 0
		Depth     16
	EndSubSection
	SubSection "Display"
		Viewport   0 0
		Depth     24
	EndSubSection
EndSection

注意：在xorg.conf中配置显卡总线地址BusID时，必须以十进制表示，比如lspci总线地址（以十六进制显示）为91:00.0，将其转换为十进制145:00:0（16x9+1）配置在xorg.conf中。
细节有两点:

  1. 总线地址的进制转换(十六进制转十进制)
  2. 总线地址的分隔符,在xorg.conf中,地址均为:分隔

  • Driver的选择必须根据使用的显卡和系统的支持情况配置,在系统不支持的情况下可以使用modesetting代替测试，不一定配置成功

    • centos系统支持的驱动在/lib64/xorg/modules/drivers/

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      # ls /lib64/xorg/modules/drivers/
      ati_drv.so  dummy_drv.so  fbdev_drv.so  modesetting_drv.so  nouveau_drv.so  qxl_drv.so  radeon_drv.so  v4l_drv.so

    • ubuntu系统支持的驱动在/usr/lib/xorg/modules/drivers/

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      ls /usr/lib/xorg/modules/drivers/
      amdgpu_drv.so  ati_drv.so  fbdev_drv.so  intel_drv.so  modesetting_drv.so  nouveau_drv.so  qxl_drv.so  radeon_drv.so  vesa_drv.so  vmware_drv.so

参数

应用示例

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# nvidia-settings: X configuration file generated by nvidia-settings
# nvidia-settings:  version 440.82

Section "ServerLayout"
    Identifier     "Layout0"
    Screen      0  "Screen0" 0 0
    InputDevice    "Keyboard0" "CoreKeyboard"
    InputDevice    "Mouse0" "CorePointer"
    Option         "Xinerama" "0"
EndSection

Section "Files"
EndSection

Section "InputDevice"
    # generated from default
    Identifier     "Mouse0"
    Driver         "mouse"
    Option         "Protocol" "auto"
    Option         "Device" "/dev/input/mice"
    Option         "Emulate3Buttons" "no"
    Option         "ZAxisMapping" "4 5"
EndSection

Section "InputDevice"
    # generated from default
    Identifier     "Keyboard0"
    Driver         "kbd"
EndSection

Section "Monitor"
    # HorizSync source: edid, VertRefresh source: edid
    Identifier     "Monitor0"
    VendorName     "Unknown"
    ModelName      "Philips PHL 237E7"
    HorizSync       30.0 - 83.0
    VertRefresh     56.0 - 76.0
    Option         "DPMS"
EndSection

Section "Device"
    Identifier     "Device0"
    Driver         "nvidia"
    VendorName     "NVIDIA Corporation"
    BoardName      "Quadro P6000"
EndSection

Section "Screen"
    Identifier     "Screen0"
    Device         "Device0"
    Monitor        "Monitor0"
    DefaultDepth    24
    Option         "Stereo" "0"
    Option         "nvidiaXineramaInfoOrder" "DFP-8"
    Option         "metamodes" "DP-5: nvidia-auto-select +1920+0, DP-7: nvidia-auto-select +0+0"
    Option         "SLI" "Off"
    Option         "MultiGPU" "Off"
    Option         "BaseMosaic" "off"
    SubSection     "Display"
      Depth       24
    EndSection

启动

1
startx -- -layout seat0 -seat seat0 -novtswitch -sharevts

参数详解： man Xorg

  • -novtswitch: 如果操作系统支持，请禁用自动启动服务器时将X服务器重置和关机自动切换到激活的VT的功能
  • -sharevts: 如果操作系统支持，则与另一个X服务器共享虚拟终端。

xinitrc

$HOME/.xinitrc指定启动的桌面环境,比如xterm

~/.xinitrc由xinit执行，通常通过startx调用。 登录后将执行该程序：首先登录文本控制台，然后使用startx启动GUI。.xinitrc的作用是启动会话的GUI部分，通常是通过设置一些与GUI相关的设置，例如键绑定（使用xmodmap或xkbcomp），X资源（使用xrdb）等，以及启动会话管理器或窗口管理器（可能是桌面环境的一部分）。

窗口管理器

  • fvwm:虚拟窗口管理器,占用资源少
  • twm:(Tab Window Manager for the X Window System)

参考

相关文章
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